DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

direct & indirect speech, atau yang biasa kita kenal kalimat langsung dan tidak langsung itu gimana sih?

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Direct & Indirect speech ??

Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).

 
We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be word for word.
For example:
Nalendro said, “I will go to the library”.

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

 
Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.
The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.

 
The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

 

▪         Note: The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentences are: Tell, order, command, ask, warn, remind

▪         Don’t forget to mention the indirect object. Father warned me not to drive fast.

▪         When we want to report what someone said, we do not usually repeat their exact words, we use our words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell, say, ask followed by ‘that-clause’.
Example: My mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.
 

▪         When reporting verbs is in the Present, Present Perfect, or Future, there is no change of tense in the words reported.
Example: She will tell you
She says (that) she doesn’t know.
She has just said

In time expressions and pronouns

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Now Today/tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Last week Next week Ago	Then That day/that night The day before/the previous day The next/following day The previous week The following week/the week after Before
This/these Here Pronouns	That/those There They change according to the context

 

Sometimes we need to report someone’s questions. The reported question are introduced with the verb ask, inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.